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' 3 Sheets-Sheet. 1. A. DEAN.-

Process of and Machinery for Making Paper Pulp from Wood. e No. 241,311.Patented May O, e ./1

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N, PETERS. Photljhogmphqr, Washington. l)` C.

3 Sheetsj-Sheet. 2. A. D E A N.

'.Process. of and Machinery for Making Paper'Pulp from Wood.

ented Nlay 10,1881.

WWA/55555: /NVEN TUR:

N. PETERS. PhotLhugmpher, WashingtonfD. C.

' A. DEANv Process of and Machinery for Making Papi-er Pulp from Wood. i

WIT/4155555: /NvE/v TUR:

-3 Sheets- Sheet 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEETCE.

ALEXANDER DEAN, OF LUZERNE, NE YORK.

PROCESS OF AND MACHINERY FOR MAKING PAPER-PULP FROM WOOD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 241,311, dated May 10,1881, Application tiled January 24, 1880.

To all whom @t may concern Be it known that I, ALEXANDER DEAN, ofLuzerne, in the count-y of Warren and State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in th'e Process of and Machinery forMaking Paper-Pulp from Wood, ot' which the followin is a specitication.

My invention relates to certain improvementsin mechanical devices andcombinations of contrivances and processes for trausformin g sticks ofwood into line pulpy fibers suitable to be used as a largeI constituentot' printing and other line papers.

The principal objects ot' my improvements are to provide superiordevices and processes for cutting sticks ot' wood into small pieces ot'suitable grain-length, for disintegrating the pieces ot' wood andsoftening and separating the tibers thereof', for reducing the iibers inwater, and for separating the tine fibers in water from the coarsefibers and particles.

In my new process for transforming sticks ot' wood into tine bers inwater the sticks are first cut into suitable small pieces, chips, orbits ot' proper grain-length, and such pieces, chips, or bits ot' woodare disintegrated, sot'tened, and divided into tibers in water bysubjecting the same with water to the whirling and rending action of acommon Jordan engine, with or without first subjectingthe pieces, chips,or bits ol' wood, without water, to the action of a disintegrating-mill5and the libers in water are reduced to line pulpy bers by subjectingthem with water to the grinding action of millstones, with or withoutfirst subjecting them in water to the beating, brushing, and softrubbing action of a common pulpingengine.

The machinery which is useful in carrying out my new process forpreparing line ibers in water from sticks ot' wood, and which embracesthe mechanical parts of my invention, is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a plan of the whole machinery. Fig. 2 isan elevation ot' a section ot' the woodcutting device, the section ofthe rotary cutter being at the line .e z in Fie'. l, and ot' thestationary part at the line y y in the same figure. Fig. 3 is a sideelevation of the rotary cutter. Figs. 4 and 5 are side and edgeelevations of a stick ot" wood, showing at one end-about the shape of'the cuts made by the cutting device. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the samemachinery, seen in the direction pointed by the arrow :r in Figs. 1, 7,and S, some parts being shown in section. Fig. 7 is an elevation of thesame, viewed in the direction indicated by the arrow 'w in Figs. 1, 6,and 9, a part being in section. Fig. S is an elevation ot' the same,seen in the direction pointed by the arrow o in Figs. 1, 6, and 9, someportions being in section. Fig. 9 is an elevation of the same, viewed inthe direction indicated by the arrow a in Figs. 1, 7, and 8.

Like letters refer to like parts in the several figures.

A is the stationary support ot' the apparatus. B, FiO. 3, is a rotarycutter in the form ot' two conic frustums united at their small ends andfastened axially upon a shaft, V, and furnished with suitably projectingblades or teeth b on the two oppositely-inclined conic portions, forcutting thin pieces, chips, or bits ot' wood ot' suitable grain-lengthfor paperpulp from sticks Z, properly presented endwise thereto by theinclined static-nary woodfeeder U, Figs. 1 and 2, which is in the formot' an open-ended box conformed to and extending at one end, c, into theangle ofthe cutter. This combination of the reversely conicalinwardly-inchned rotary cutter B and the inclined wood-feeding supportG, conformed to and extending into the angle of the rotary cutter,constitutes a Very simple and superior device or enginefor reducingsticks of wood of the ordinary shapes split from logsinto thin pieces,

chips, or bits preparatory to bein gmade into paper-pulp. Thissuperiority results mainly from the fact that a stick of wood placedendwise in the feeder C is fed by its gravity to the rotary cutter B,which, as it revolves, continually forces the contiguous end of thestick into the angle formed by thejunction ot' the two conical cuttingportions, which out thin pieces, chips, or bits from two opposite sidesot' the stick in directions inclined to each other and to the length andwidth of the stick and ot' its libers, about as indicated at t in Figs.A and 5, until the whole stick is thus cut away to a small bit at itsother end, and from the fact that the chips, pieces, or bits thus cutobliquely from opposite sides of the stick have their bers inclined oroblique to the cut surfaces IOO thereof, so that the fibers of suchpieces,chips, or bits are pointed or beveled at their ends, and are veryeasily separable, and are of much greater length than in bits, chips, orpieces of the same thickness cut from like sticks of wood in direct-ionsperpendicular, or nearly so, tothe lengthwise direction ofthe fibers.

D, Fig. 7, is an upright tapering rubber, secured to and revolved by andwith a rotary shaft, d, and having' its outer surface formed withlongitudinal flutes, ribs, or grooves e; and E is a stationary casingsurrounding the rubber D, and having its inner surface formed with ribs,flutes, or grooves corresponding to those of the adjacent oppositesurface of the rotary rubber. These ribs, flutes, or grooves areessentially like those in the mills that are commonly used for grindingbark in tanneries, and a good common bark-grinding mill is a goodsubstitute or equivalent for the mill composed ofthe rotary part D andits stationary casin g E.

F is au inclined chute extending from the bottom of the cutting-engine BU to the top if the mill D E, so that the pieces, chips, or bits of woodcut from sticks by the cutting-engine will be automatically fed from thecutting-engine into the disintegrating-mill by said chute. The pieces,chips, or bits of wood are thus passed dry, or without water, throughthat mill, which will rub and disintegrate them into smaller pieces,bits, or particles.

G, Fig. 6, is the rotary tapering bladed cylinder, and Il is thecorresponding bladed stationary casing, otl a common J ordan engine forgrinding paper-pulp.

I is an inclined chute, by which the disintegrated pieces and bitsot'wood discharged from the bottoni of the mill D E are automaticallyconducted from the latter into the Jordan engine.

J is a pipe for supplying a suitable stream of water to the Jordanengine with the stream ofsmall pieces or bits of wood conducted theretoby the chute l.

K is the tank or reservoir of a common stuffchest, having therein arotary stirrer, L, as usual in paper-mills; and fis a pipe forconducting into the stuff-chest the fibers of wood in water dischargedby the Jordan engine.

M, Fig. 1, is the circuit-tank, and N is the beating-roll, of' a commonpulping-engiue, furnished with a bed of knives conformed to the bladedroll N, and between adjacent inclines g g', as usual in such engines.Water can be supplied to the tank M by a pipe, h, or otherwise.

O is a rotary pump, of' any suitable known construction, connected by aconduit, i', Fig. 6, with the stuff-chest K, and having adischarge-pipe, fi', leading to the tank M, so that by the operation ofthe pump the fibers of Wood in water will be transferred from thestuff-chest into the pulping-engine.

The pump O can be dispensed with by having the pulping-engine MN lowerthan the stuffchest K, and connected therewith by a gated trough orpipe, through which the contents of the stuff-chest can run by gravityinto the pulping-engine; or the fibers in water can be discharged fromthe Jordan engine directly into the pulping-eiigine by means of a directpipe or hose connection, as indicated by dotted lilies atf in Fig. 6;but I commonly prefer to discharge the fibers in water from the Jordanen ginein to the stuff-chest, an d to thence transfer the same into thepulping-engine M N, or into two or more such pnlping-engines, as may berequired, to reduce all the fibers in water discharged by the Jordanengine.

P l, Fig. 8, are a pair of millstones, which are preferably of thequality of' common grindstones, instead of the ordinary harderburrst-ones, and are mounted and dressed essentially like commonmillstones f'or grinding grain, and have an inletpassage,j, and outercasingyy", with an annular outlet and troughlike conduit, j.

Q is a pipe by which the woodyfibers suspended in water can be fed fromthe tank M into the millstones, but any other suitable known means canbe used for feeding the fibers in water from the tank M into each of'the one, two, or more pairs of' sncli millstones as shall be required toproperly grind all the fibers in water from the Jordan engine,pnlping-engine, or pulping-engines that shall be used.

1t, Figs. l, 7, and 9, is a wire-cloth screen in the form ot' a turningendless apron, having thereon side guards, k, and supported by drums ZZ'and a roller, l2, and of proper fineness to let the sufficiently finefibers in water pass through the screen and prevent the passagetherethrough of larger fibers and particles.

Sis a trough or chute for conducting the fibers in water from themillstones l P' onto the upper stretch of the screen R; and T is atrough arranged between the upper and lower stretches of the screen, toreceive and conduct off the fine fibers in water that shall pass throughthe upper stretch ofthe screen.

U, Figs. 8 and 9, is a pipe arranged across and between the upper andlower stretches of' the screen R, and in communication with a supply ofWater, and having in its lower side a slot or series of small holes,through which the water will forcibly rush against the upper surface ofthe lower stretch of the screen, so as to thereby pass through thescreen and progressively remove therefrom the coarse fibers andparticles that shall be progressively separated by the upper stretch ofthe screen from the fine fibers in water.

NVhen desired, the fibers in water can be conducted onto the upperstretch of the screen R by a suitablepipe or hose extending thereto fromthe tank M of' the pulping-engine, as indicated by dotted lines at Y inFig. 7, or from the discharge-pipe t" of' the pump 0, as represented bydotted lines at W in Fig. 1, or from the discharge-pipe f of' the Jordanengine, as indicated by dotted lines at X in Fig. 7.

When practicable in carrying out this invention, I commonly prefer thatthe first reducing Adevice used shall be highest in position, and

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each succeding device used lower than the preceding one, and the severaldevices connected in succession by inclined passages or chutes, throughwhich the materials shall be transferred by their gravity from thepreceding reduciug device into the next one. However, in carrying out myimprovements in making fine screened pulpy bers in water from sticks ofwood, and in machinery therefor, the several reducing devices can be inany suitable relative positions, and any suitable known means can beemployed or combined with the reducing devices for actuating the samefrom any suitable known motor or motors, and for transferring thematerials acted upon from any one of the'reducing devices to the nextone used.

Iu-the drawings, V is a rotary shaft which supports and revolves thecutter B, and from which shaft rotary motion is imparted to the rubber Dby the gears m m and shaft d, Fig. 7 to the rotary part G, Fig. 6, ofthe J oi'd an engine by tbcpulley a, belt n', pulley n2, and shaft n3;to the stiri'er L in the stuff-chest by the gears m m', shaft d, Fio'. 7pulley 0, belt o', and pulley 02; to the rotary pump O by the pulleyp,belt p', and pulley p2; to the beatingroll N of the pulping-engine bythe pulley q, belt q', pulley q2, and shaft qf; to` the upper millstone,P, by the gears m ip', shaft d, Fig. 7, pulley r. belt o", pulley r2,and shaft 1', and to the endless apron-screen 1t bythe gearsm m', shaftd, gears s s, shaft s2, pulley s3, Fig. 1, belt s4, and pulley' 35, faston the shaft of the drum l.

rlhe operation of the apparatus represented by full lines in thedrawings in transforming sticks of wood into fine screened piilpy fibersin water is asfollows: The sticks, Z, of wood,

Vof any suitable shape, placed endwise in the feeder C ofthecutting-engine, will be thereby eut into small thin pieces, chips, orbits,which will have the fibers oblique therein, and of suitablegrain-len gth for making into pulp, and which will pass through thechute F into the rubbing-mill D E withoutV water. and will vbedisintegrated by that mill and discharged through the chute I into theJordan engine Gr H, with water from the pipe J. The J ordaii .enginewill rub and rend the disintegrated b wood and separate the fibersthereof' moreor less finely in the water, 'according to the closenesswith which the part G is adjusted in the casing H and to theback-pressure therein, and will discharge the fibers ,with the water, bythe pipej', into the stuff-chest K, in which the bers will be keptsuspended in water by the stirrer L, while the rotary pump O shall bemade to transfer the fibers in water, through the passagest' i' from thestuff-chest, into the circuit-vat M ofthe pulping-engine, eitherconstantly or intermittingly, as shall be required. The'pulping-engine MN beats, brushes, and smoothly rubs the fibers in water, and therebyrenders them very soft and thin in diameter; andthe conduit Q is made tofeed the sof't fibers in water, as required, from the tank M into themillstonesP P', through which the fibers in water are passed, andthereby ground finer, and are conducted therefrom` by the trough Soutothe turning endless apron-screen R, through the upper stretch of whichthe soft fine portion of the bers pass with the water, and are conductedoff' by the trough T, to be separated from the wafer, while the largerfibers and particles that are stopped bythe screen are progressivelyremoved from the latter by water discharged by the pipe U.

It will be observed that in the apparatus illustrated inthe drawings theparts D E and chutes F l serve to conduct the small pieces, chips, orbits of wood from the cutting-engine B C to the. Jordan engine G H,whether the pieces, chips, or bits shall or shall not be disintegratedby the parts D E, and that when the part D shall he set or adjustedendwise so loosely in the shell E, or shall be removed therefrom so faras to not reduce the passing pieces, chips, orbits of wood, the parts Dand E will then serve merely as a part ofthe means for transferring thepieces, chips, or bits fi'om the cutting-engine into the Jordan engine,and the Jordan engine will then act in immediate succession andcombination with the cuttingengine, the saine as if' the chips or piecesof Wood wei'e passed f'rom the cutting-engine info the Jordan enginethrough a chute extending from the bottoni ofthe cutting-engine B Cdirectly to the inlet of the Jordan engine, as indicated by the dottedlines at F in Fig. 6.

This direct combination of' the cutting-engine B U, Jordan engine Gr H,means for trailsferring the pieces, chips, or bits of' wood from thecutting-engine into the Jordan engine, and mechanism forsimultaneouslyactuating the Jordan engine and cutting-engine constitutesan effective automatic apparatus, which I commonly use, and sometimesprefer, for transformin g sticks of' tender wood into coarse libers inwater.

ln order, however, to more thoroughly reduce a greater quantity of thesame size and quality of pieces or chips of' wood to fibers in water ina given time, I commonly prefer to use the parts 1) and E without wateras a rey duciug-iiiill, and have them adjusted so closely together thatthey will finely rub and disintegrate the chips or pieces ot' woodbefore the latter shall be passed into the Jordan engine.

1t will also be observed that in the apparatus represented by thedrawings the pipe j', stuff-chest l( IJ, pump 0, pipes t' t",pulpingengine M N, and pipe Q will serve to transfer the fibers in waterfrom the Jordan engine G H to the niillstones P P', whether the i'oll Nof the pulping-engine shall or shall not operate to reduce the fibers insuch transfer, and that vwhen the roll N shall not operate to reduce thelfibers the pulping engine then will serve merely as a stuff-chest partof the means for -fransferring the fibers in water fi'om the J ordanyengine into the inillsfones P P', and that the millstones will thenoperate in immediate combination with the Jordan engine substantiallythe same as when the fibers in water are IOO conducted from the Jordanengine into the millstones bya direct pipe or hose, as indicated bydotted lines at f2 in Figs. l and 6, and the same as when the fibers inwater are discharged by the Jordan engine through the pipe f into thestuff-chest K, and are f'ed from the latter into the millstones by thcconduitt', pump O, and a pipe or hose leading f'rom the pump directlyinto the millstones, as indicated by the dotted lines at i2 in Figs. 1and 6, and as I generally prefer in combining and using one, two, ormore pairs of millstones directly with the Jordan engine.

This direct use and combination of a Jordan engine, millstones, andmeans for actuating the millstones and Jordan engine, and fortransferring the fibers in water from the Jordan engine through astuff-chest to the millstones, has proved in practice to be a veryeff'ective apparatus, which ,I generally prefer for reducing suitablesmall pieces, chips, or bits of' wood into fine paper-pulp fibers.

However', when the fibers require to be more thoroughly softened andfibrilized I sometimes prefer to subject them in water to the I beating,brushing, and sof't rubbing action of the pulping-engine beforesubjecting them in water to the grinding action ot' the millstones.

The process for transforming sticks of wood into fibers in water byfirst cutting the sticks into pieces orbits of suitable grain-length,and then subjecting them with water to the rending action of` the Jordanengine, and the process f'or converting pieces or bits of' wood of'suitable grain-length into fine fibers by subjecting the pieces or bitsof' wood with water to the action of' the Jordan engine, and thenreducing the fibers by subjecting them in water to the grindingactionof' millstones, are subprocesses embraced in myabove-described processfor transforming sticks of wood into fine fibers in water by firstcutting the sticks into pieces or bits of suitable grain-length, thensoftening the pieces or bits and separating the fibers thereof' bysubjecting the same with water to the action of' the Jordan engine, andfinally reducing the fibers by subjecting them in water to the grindingaction of millstones.

By the introduction of' my above-described improvements in the latterprocess it becomes my improved process for transforming sticks of woodinto fine fibers in water, by first cutting' the sticks into pieces ofsuitable grainlength, next dlsintegrating the pieces by subjecting themwithout water to the reducing action ofthe rubbing-mill, then softeningthe dis integrated pieces or bits of' Wood and separating the fibersthereof by subjecting the same with Water to the whirlingand rendingaction of' the Jordan engine, next fibrilizin g, pulping, and reducingthe fibers by subjecting them in water to the bea-ting, brushing', andsoft rubbing action ofthe pulping-engine, and finally reducing the pulpyfibers by subjecting them in water to the grinding action of'millstones.

This impro ved process em braces several combinations of steps orsub-processes which are of' much practical importance and yield distinctresults subsidiary to the main one, to wit: the improved sub-process ofconverting small pieces of' wood into fibers in Water by firstdisintegrating the pieces by subjecting them without water to the actionof' the reducing-mill, and next softening the disintegrated wood andseparating the fibers thereof' by subjecting the same with water to thesoft rending action ofthe Jordan engine also, the sub-process ofconvertingdisintegrated pieces or bits of' wood into soft pulpy fibersby first softening the disintegrated pieces or bits of wood andseparating the fibers thereof by subjecting the same with Water to thefine rending action of' the Jordan engine, and then softening andreducing the fibers by subjecting them in water to the beating,brushing, and smooth rubbing action of the pulping-engiue; also, othercombinations of' steps or subvprocesses hereinafter claimed as of' myinvention.

Irior to my invention pulp had sometimes been made from blocks ot' woodby pressing the latter against a revolving grindstone supplied withwater, whereby the wood was reduced to a mixture in water ot' usefulbers and useless fille dust, slivers, and bits of' greatly differentsizes, and then screening such mixture and passing the useful screenedportion thereof'in water through millstones. 1n that process a largepercentageof' useless waste, in the form of' fine dust and coarseslivers and bits, was the result of the abrading action of thegrindstone against the blocks of' wood, and the grindstone was the onlymechanical disintegrator used in reducing the wood from its condition inblocks to that of which a screened portion in water was passed throughthe millstones. l avoid that waste of stock by my invention, whichdiffers essentially from that prior process, because according to myinvention the fibers are not ground or abraded froln blocks or sticksof' wood by pressing the latter' against a grindstone or other similargrinding or abrading surface supplied with water; and, according to myherein-described invention for reducing sticks of' wood into pulp, thesticks must be first cut or reduced into chips, small pieces, or bits,which must be passed with water through the well-known Jordan enginebefore being subjected in water to the action of millstones orotherpulp-producing mechanism.

l believe that sometimes, in reducing sticks of wood into pulp, thesticks have been held by hand againsta rest, and thereby presented tothe upright face ot' a rotary cutter-Wheel, which cut the wood intochips of'definite grainlength, and received the chips inside anddelivered them into an upright crushing-mill, by which the chips weresplit and broken into small pieces or bits, which were afterwardsubjected in water to the action of the beating roll and bed of a commonor improved pulping-engine. Therefore Ido notlierein broadly claimreducing sticks of Wood to small pieces `or bits of suitablegrain-length for making into pulp by first cutting the sticks intosuitable IOS IIO

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chips and then splitting and breaking the chips into small pieces orbits by passing the chips through acrushing-mill; nor do I broadly claimthe combination of a rotary cutter and rest for cutting sticks of woodinto chips of denite grain-length with an upright crushin g-millfordisintegratin g the chips and means for operating the crushing-mill andcutter and for delivering the chips from the cutter into thecrushing-mill.

Still, my improved self-feeding cutting device, composed of the doublecones B, with cutters b, and the inclined feed-box G, shaped andarranged as herein described and shown, is essentially dii'erent fromand far superior to the hand-fed chip-receiving cutter-wheel and restabove mentioned for cutting sticks of wood into suitable chips formaking into pulp; and my herein-described combination of the cuttingdevice B b C with the reducing-mill D E constitutes an improvedmechanism for reducing sticks of wood into. small pieces or bitsSuitable for making into pulp.

Furthermore, l do not herein broadly claim the process of reducing chipsof wood to pulp by subjecting them rst to the action of a crushing-mill,and afterward in water to the action of a pulping-engine; nor do I claimthe combination of a crushing-mill, pulpingengine, and means foroperating the pulpingen gine and crushing-mill, and for transferringsmall bits of wood from the crushing-millinto the pulping-engine. In mypresent invention for reducing chips or bits of wood into pulp or bersin water it is essential .that the chips or bits of wood shall be passedwith water through and subjected to the peculiar well-known reducingaction of the Jordan engine, which latter is an essential elementof eachcombination of parts which I use and hereinafter claim for reducingchips or bits of wood into pulp or bers in water.

Sometimes sticks of wood have been cut or sawed and crushed into pieces,which were passed through a picking or breaking mill and thereby reducedinto bits, which were passed with water through millstones, and therebyground, and I do not herein claim that process of reducing sticks ofwood into pulp or bers in water; nor do I claim, broadly, thecombination of a rotary cutting device, picking or breaking milk-andmillstones.

tis essential to that part of my invention in which millstones are usedthat the chips or bits of wood, before being passed through themillstones, shall be subjected with water to the peculiar rapid brushingand reducing ac- Y tion of the Jordan engine, by which larger chips orhits of wood can be received and reduced in water into fibers of veryuniform size, and with far greater rapidity and less expense than by theuse of millstones alone.

The Jordan engine has been heretofore often used in preparing ornishingpaper-pulp; but I am not aware that before my invention a J ordanengine had been used in connection with a mill or mechanism which cut,sawed, or reduced sticks or pieces of wood into small chips or bits,which were passed with waterthrough the Jordan engine; and I do notknownor believe that prior to my invention a Jordan engine was used toreduce chips or bits of wood into bers, which were afterward passed withwater through inillstones or subjected to the action of a commonpulping-engine.

What I claim as my invention isl. The process of making ne pnlpy bersfrom sticks of wood by rst cutting the sticks into small pieces, chips,or bits of suitable grain -len gth,subsequentlysofteningthepieces,chips, or bits and separating the bers thereof by subjecting the samewith water to the whirling and fine-rending action of a Jordan engine,and finally reducing the bers by subjecting them in water to the'grinding action of millstones, all substantially as described.

2. rIhe sub-process of transforming sticks of wood into bers in water byrsi. cutting the sticks into pieces, chips,or bi ts of suitablegrainlength, and afterward softening the pieces, chips, or bits andseparatingthe bers thereof by subjecting the same with water to therending action of a Jordan engine, all as described.

3. The sub-process ofconverting small pieces, chips, or bits of woodinto ne fibers in Water by rst softening the pieces, chips, or bits, andseparating the bers thereof by subjecting the same with water to thene-rendin g action of a Jordan engine, and finally reducing the bers bysubjecting them in Water to the grinding action of millstones, allsubstantially as described.

4. The improved sub-process of converting suitable pieces of wood intobers inwater by rst disintegrating the pieces by subjecting them withoutwater to the reducing action of a rubbing-mill, as described, and thensoftening the disintegrated pieces and separating the fibers thereof bysubjecting the same with water to the tine-rendin g action of a .Iordan' engine, as set forth.

5. The improved sub-process of transforming sticks of wood into bers inwater by rst cutting the sticks into pieces of suitable grainlength,next disintegrating the pieces by subjecting them without water to thedry-rending action of areducing-mill, and then softening thedisintegrated wood and separating the bers thereof by subjecting thesamewith water to the fine-rending action of a Jordan engine, allsubstantially as described. f

6. The improved sub-process of converting pieces of wood into ne bers inwater by rst disintegrating the pieces by subjecting them without waterto the rendin g action of a reducin g-mill, next softening thedisintegrated wood and separatin g the bers thereof by subjecting thesame with water to the fine-rendin g action of a Jordan engine, andnally reducing the bers by subjecting them in water to the grindingaction of millstones, all substantially as set forth.

7. The improved process of transforming IOO sticks of wood into finepulpy bers in water by rst cutting the sticks into suitable pieces, nextdisintegrating the pieces by subjecting them Without Water to the dryreducing action of a rubbing-mill, then softening the disintegrated Woodand separating thebers thereofby subjecting the same with water to thenerending action of a Jordan engine, and finally reducing the bers bysubjecting them in Water to the soft grinding action of millstones, allsubstantially as described.

8. The improved sub-process of converting small pieces or bits of woodinto pulpy bers in Water by rst softening the pieces or bits andseparating the bers thereof by subjecting the same with Water to thene-rending action of a Jordan engine, and then brilizing and pulping thebers by subjecting them in water to the beating, brushing, and softrubbing action ofa pulping-engine, all as set forth.

9. rlhe improved sub-process of converting small pieces or bits of woodinto ne pnlpy bers in water byrst softening the pieces or bits andseparating the bers thereof by subjecting the same with water to thene-rending action ofa Jordan engine, and then pulping and reducing thebers by subjecting them in Water first to the beating, brushing, andsoft rubbing action of a pulping-engine, and next to the grinding actionof millstones, all substantially as described.

10. The improved sub-process of converting pieces of wood into bers inWater by rst disintegrating the pieces by subjecting them without Waterto the dry-rubbing action of a reducing-mill, as described, and thensoftening, separatin g, and reducing the bers of the disintegrated woodby subjecting the latter in water rst to the ne-rending action of a Jordan engine, and next to the beating, brushing, and rubbing action of apulping-engine, as set forth.

11. The improved sub-process of converting sticks of wood into bers inwater by rst cutting the sticks into pieces of suitable grainlength, anddisintegrating the pieces by subjecting them without water to thedry-rending action of a rubbing mill, as described, and then softening,separating, and reducing the bers of the disintegrated wood bysubjecting the latter in Water rst to the ne-rendin g action of a Jordanengine, and next to the beating, brushing, and rubbing action ofapulpingengine, as set forth.

12. The improved sub-process of converting pieces of Wood into ne pulpybers in water by rst disintegratin g the pieces by subjecting themwithout water to the dry-rendin g action of a reducing-mill, asdescribed, and then softening, separating, and reducing the bers of thedisintegrated Wood by subjecting the latter in Water first tothetine-rending action of a Jordan engine, next to the beating, brushing,and soft rubbing action of a pulping-engine, and then to the grindingaction of millstones, all as set forth.

13. The improved process of transforming sticks of Wood into fine pulpybers in Water by rst cutting the sticks into pieces and disintegratingthe latter by subjecting them without Water to the dry-rending action ofa ruhbing1nill, next softening and separating the bers of thedisintegrated wood by subjecting the latter in water to the tine-rendingaction of a Jordan engine, and then softening and reducing the bers bysubjecting them in water rst to the beating, brushing, and rubbingaction of a pulping-engine, and then to the grinding action ofmillstones, all substanv tia-lly as described.

14. The improved cutting device or engine having the rotary cutter B, inthe form of two conic frustums united at their small ends, and furnishedwith blades or teeth b, in combination with the wood-feeding support C,inclined and tting into the angle of the rotary cutter, substantially asdescribed.

lo. The combination ofthe cutting-engine B C, Jordan engine G H, means,substantially as described, for feeding pieces, chips, or bits of Woodfrom the cutting-engine into the Jordan engine with Water, and mechanismfor actuating the Jordan engine and cutting-engine, substantially as setforth.

16. r[he combination of the Jordan engine G H, millstones P P', means,substantially as described, for transferring the bers in water from theJordan engine into the millstones, and mechanism for actuating themillstones and Jordan engine, substantially as set forth.

17. The combination of the cutting-engine, Jordan en gine, millstones,means, substantially as described, for feeding the cuttings of wood fromthe cutting-engine into the Jordan engine with Water, and fortransferring the bers in Water from the Jordan engine into themillstones, and mechanism for actuating the millstones, Jordan engine,and cutting-engine, substantially as set forth.

18. The combination of the rotary cutter B, in the form of two conicfrustums united at their small ends, inclined wood-feeder C, conformedto the rotary critter', disintegratingmill D E, means, substantially asdescribed, :forfeedin g the cuttings of Wood from the rotary cutter intothe disintegrating-mill, and mechanism for actuating said mill androtary cntter, substantially as set forth.

19. The combination of the disintegratingmill D E, Jordan engine G H,means, substantial ly as described, for fecdin g the disintegrated Woodfrom said mill into the Jordan engine with water, and mechanism foractuating the Jordan engine and disintegrating-mill, sub-A stantially asset forth.

20. The combination of the cutting-engine, disintegrating-mill, Jordanengine, means, substantially as described, for feeding cuttings of Woodfrom the cuttin g-en gine into the disintegrating-mill and for feedingthe disintegrated wood from the latter mill into the Jordan engine withWater, and mechanism for actuating IOO IIO

IIS

the Jordan engine, disintegratin g-mill, and cutting-engine,substantially as set forth.

2l. The combination of the disintegratingmill, Jordan engine,millstones, means, substantially as described, for feeding disintegratedWood from the mill into the Jordan engine with Water, and fortransferring the fibers in Water from the Jordan engine into themillstones, and mechanism for actuating the millstones, Jordan engine,and disintegrating-mill, substantially as set forth.

22. The combination of the cutting-engine, disintegrating-mill, Jordanengine, millstones, means, substantially as described, for transferrin gthe materials from the cutting-en gine into the disintegrating-mill, andthence into the Jordan engine with water, and thence in Water into themillstones, and mechanism for actuating the millstones, Jordan engine,disintegrating-mill, and cutting-engine, substantially as set forth.

23. The combination of the Jordan engine, pulping-engine, means,substantially as described, for transferring the bers in water from theJordan engine into the pulping-engine, and mechanism for actuating thepulping-en gine and Jordan engine, substantially as set forth. y l

24. The combination of the Jordan engine, pulpingengine, millstones,means, substantially as described, for transferring the fibers in waterfrom the Jordan engine into the pulping-engine, and thence into themillstones, and mechanism for actuating the millstones, pulping-engine,and Jordan engine, substantially as set forth.

25. The combination of the disintegratingmill, Jordan engine,pulping-engine, means, substantially as described, for feeding the bitsof wood from the disintegrating-mill into the Jordan engine With Water,and for transferring the fibers in Water from the Jordan engine into thepulping-engine, and mechanism for actuating the pulping-engine, Jordanengine, and disintegrating-mill, substantiallyT as set forth.

26. The combination 'of the cutting-engine, disintegrating-mill, Jordanengine, pulpingengine, means, substantially as described, fortransferring the woody material from the cutting-engine into thedisintegrating-mill, thence into the Jordan engine with Water, andthence in Water into the pulping-engine, and mechanism for actuating thepulping-engine, Jordan engine, disintegrating-mill, and cutting-engine,substantially as set forth.

27. The combination of the disintegratingmill,J ordan engine,pulping-engine,mi1lstones, means, substantially as described, for transferringthe material from the disintegratingmill into the Jordan engine withwater, thence in Water into the pulping-engine, and from the latter intothe millstones, and mechanism for actuating the millstones,pulping-engine, J ordan engine, and disintegrating-mill, substantiallyas set forth.

28. The combination ofthe cutting-engine, disintegrating-mill, Jordanengine, pulpingengine, millstones, means, substantially as described,for transferring the material from the cutting-engine into thedisintegratingmill, thence into the Jordan engine with water, thence inwater into the pulping-engine, and from the latter into the millstones,and mechanism for actuating the millstones, pulping-engine, Jordanengine, disintegrating-mill, and cutting-engine, substantially as setforth.

29. The combination ofthe prostrate turning endless apron-screen R, pulp-applyin g chute S, pulp-receiving trough T, and screen-Washing pipe U,all arranged together for conjoint operation, as set forth.

30. The described combination of the endless apron-sereen R, machineryfor producing fine fibers in Water from wood, mechanism for actuatingthe endless apron-screen and machinery for producing the ne bers inwater, means for progressively conducting the fibers in water from themachinery for producing the same onto the endless apron-screen and awayfrom the latter, and means for progressively removing coarse fibers andparticles from the screen by Water, all the parts being substantially asdescribed.

In testimony Whereofl hereunto set my hand, in the presence of twosubscribing Witnesses, this 19th day of January, 1880.

ALEXANDER DEAN.

Witnesses:

WALTER Scor'r PoR'rEoUs, ANDREW PoR'rEoUs.

